COMERCIO AGRÍCOLA
Argentina es el único país que mantiene derechos de exportación activos sobre cereales
Tras la suspensión de este impuesto en la Federación Rusa, el país quedó como el único exportador mundial que aplica la medida de manera activa. La alícuota vigente para trigo y cebada es del 5,5% del valor FOB.
Argentina se convirtió en el único país exportador del mundo que aplica de manera activa derechos de exportación sobre cereales. Este escenario se configuró tras la decisión del gobierno de la Federación Rusa de suspender la aplicación de este impuesto hasta finales del año en curso.
La medida rusa tuvo como objetivo evitar una descapitalización de los productores locales en el contexto económico actual. Previamente, naciones como Ucrania y Kazajistán tampoco aplicaban derechos de exportación sobre estos granos, aunque utilizan licencias y otras regulaciones que operan en la práctica como cuotas de mercado para regular los precios internos.
En el caso argentino, la alícuota vigente sobre el trigo y la cebada se mantiene en el 5,5% del valor FOB. Si bien esta tasa ha registrado una reducción en los últimos años, continúa incidiendo en los ingresos brutos del sector agrícola.
De acuerdo con la información disponible en el sector, con una alícuota de este nivel, el impacto de las retenciones en cereales es limitado tanto en términos de recaudación tributaria nacional como en la determinación de los precios internos de los productos panificados.
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